Acetonitrile
CAS 75-05-8
Uses: Widely used as a solvent in organic synthesis. Sometimes utilized as an electrolyte in batteries. Used as an intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and cosmetics. Commonly used as a solvent in liquid chromatography.
basic information
Physical properties: Molecular weight: 41.05 g/mol Density: 0.786 g/cm³ (20°C) Melting point: -48.5°C Boiling point: 81.6°C Has the property of mixing with water. Chemical properties: Contains a cyano group (-CN), making it toxic. Reacts with water to produce hydrochloric acid and ammonia. Easily reacts with acids and bases. Safety: Flammable and highly volatile, requiring careful handling. Prolonged exposure may cause irritation to skin and eyes. Inhalation may affect the central nervous system.
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Applications/Examples of results
Organic Synthesis: Acetonitrile is widely used as a solvent in organic synthesis reactions, such as hydrocyanation and carbonylation reactions. Extraction: Acetonitrile is used in the extraction of organic compounds, particularly for the extraction of fatty acids and amino acids. Batteries: Acetonitrile may be used as an electrolyte in lithium-ion batteries. It plays a role in improving electrical conductivity and stability by utilizing its properties as an electrolyte. Pharmaceutical Industry: Acetonitrile is also important in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, particularly in the synthesis of antibiotics and vitamins. Surface Treatment: In metal surface treatment and electroforming processes, acetonitrile may be used as a solvent or intermediate. Liquid Chromatography: Acetonitrile is widely used as a solvent in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
