Heat treatment, which began in the Bronze Age, developed into iron processing (forging) around 800 BC and reached its first peak with the production of Damascus steel in the early 10th century.

By adding carbon to iron to create steel, new properties such as increased hardness have been achieved. Many iron alloys and various elements have been researched, leading to the development of new types of steel suitable for various applications. Another way to change the properties of steel is through heat treatment, such as annealing. In this process, time plays a crucial role, which is why temperature-time diagrams have been developed. Today, many temperature-time diagrams are evaluated to manufacture steel that is optimal for specific applications. These diagrams show the correlation between time and heat, as well as the structure of the treated steel (austenite, martensite, bainite). Heat treatment is primarily conducted in quenching plants. The materials processed in quenching plants are mostly the same, and reproducibility, reliability, and comparable results are essential. Effective process control requires testing a large number of samples. Because of this high processing capacity, the sample preparation process must be simple and quick. Furthermore, to achieve easy and error-free surface inspection, the flatness of the samples must be excellent.

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