The mechanism for generating cold water from heat.
Utilizing the principle of "uchimizu," we create cold water from heat. We will explain that technology (mechanism) in an easy-to-understand manner.
In normal physical phenomena, it is considered difficult to directly create cold water from heat. Heat is a form of energy in an object, and since energy is conserved, it is necessary to convert the heat into another form of energy in order to cool it down. Because heat naturally flows from high temperature to low temperature, it is possible to cool an object by removing heat. For example, it becomes possible to create cold water by extracting heat from a heat source through water and transferring it to another object to lower its temperature.
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Utilize the principle of "water sprinkling"! When a liquid substance turns into a gas, it needs to absorb heat from the surroundings, and the heat exchanged during this process is called latent heat of vaporization (evaporation heat). When you sprinkle water, the water absorbs latent heat from the ground it is in contact with as it evaporates. This lowers the temperature of the ground, making it feel cooler. Latent heat continuously occurs at the interface of the liquid. Compared to concrete and asphalt, which easily retain heat, soil and wet grass, which have high moisture retention, feel cooler for this reason. By utilizing this principle of water sprinkling, we can create "cold water" from "heat."
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◆Does water evaporate immediately? Under normal conditions (atmospheric pressure: 1 atm), water boils and evaporates at 100°C. However, as the pressure decreases, the boiling point of water also lowers. For example, at the summit of Mount Fuji, where the pressure is about two-thirds of normal, water boils before reaching 100°C (around 87°C). In a special container, when the pressure is close to a vacuum, water can evaporate at 5°C. This property is utilized to evaporate water at low temperatures, thereby using the latent heat of vaporization to produce cold water.
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Is it necessary to have an infinite amount of water for "uchimizu" (water for cooling)? The water used for uchimizu turns into clouds and returns to the ground as rain. Due to the heat from the sun (the heat source), water evaporates, and the vaporized water cools and becomes clouds. The water in the clouds then falls back to the ground as rainwater. This cycle repeats (continuously transitioning from gas to liquid and from liquid to gas). Therefore, it does not require an infinite amount of water.
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