[SAXS] Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Method

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- Capable of evaluating periodic structures and orientation at the nanoscale.

SAXS is an analytical method that measures the X-rays scattered by a substance when X-rays are irradiated onto it, specifically in the low-angle region where 2θ < 10°. It is used to evaluate the structure of materials. Typically, it can assess structures ranging from a few nanometers to several tens of nanometers in size. - Enables evaluation of periodic structures and orientation at the nanoscale - Allows assessment of the distribution of voids in fine particles and materials - Capable of evaluating biological materials such as proteins - Allows for evaluation of samples under heating

basic information

■Scattering due to periodic structures Scattering due to periodic structures yields profiles like (1). The periodicity of the structural units appears as peaks. By observing the scattered X-rays in the low-angle region, it is possible to measure periodic structures at the molecular level, ranging from a few nanometers to several tens of nanometers. ■Scattering within particles In scattering within particles, profiles like (2) are obtained. The slope of the profile reflects the size of the particles (voids), and the shape reflects the shape and size distribution of the particles. X-rays scattered at wide angles ⇒ Evaluation of interplanar spacing, strain, and orientation of crystals on the order of ? X-rays scattered at low angles ⇒ Evaluation of periodicity and orientation of molecules on the nano order.

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Applications/Examples of results

- Evaluation of crystallinity and orientation of polymer materials - Analysis of higher-order structure and microphase separation structure of liquid crystal samples - Particle size analysis of polystyrene nanoparticles - Evaluation of domain size in polymers